EP1753517A2 - Method for the production of chemical and pharmaceutical products with integrated multicolumn chromatography - Google Patents

Method for the production of chemical and pharmaceutical products with integrated multicolumn chromatography

Info

Publication number
EP1753517A2
EP1753517A2 EP05742674A EP05742674A EP1753517A2 EP 1753517 A2 EP1753517 A2 EP 1753517A2 EP 05742674 A EP05742674 A EP 05742674A EP 05742674 A EP05742674 A EP 05742674A EP 1753517 A2 EP1753517 A2 EP 1753517A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
control
eluent
flow
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05742674A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1753517B1 (en
Inventor
Jochen Strube
Karsten-Ulrich Klatt
Gerhard Noeth
Joern Greifenberg
Sebastian BÖCKER
Heinz Kansy
Peter Jähn
Berthold Justen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH
Original Assignee
Bayer Technology Services GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer Technology Services GmbH filed Critical Bayer Technology Services GmbH
Priority to EP11155542.1A priority Critical patent/EP2336617B1/en
Publication of EP1753517A2 publication Critical patent/EP1753517A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1753517B1 publication Critical patent/EP1753517B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K27/00Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
    • F16K27/003Housing formed from a plurality of the same valve elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D15/00Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
    • B01D15/08Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
    • B01D15/10Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features
    • B01D15/18Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns
    • B01D15/1814Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns recycling of the fraction to be distributed
    • B01D15/1821Simulated moving beds
    • B01D15/1842Simulated moving beds characterized by apparatus features
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B11/00Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/06Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end
    • F16D1/064Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end non-disconnectable
    • F16D1/068Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end non-disconnectable involving gluing, welding or the like
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/26Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
    • F16D3/38Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another
    • F16D3/382Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another constructional details of other than the intermediate member
    • F16D3/387Fork construction; Mounting of fork on shaft; Adapting shaft for mounting of fork
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02Column chromatography
    • G01N30/26Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
    • G01N30/38Flow patterns
    • G01N30/42Flow patterns using counter-current
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/06Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end
    • F16D2001/062Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end characterised by adaptors where hub bores being larger than the shaft
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/6851With casing, support, protector or static constructional installations
    • Y10T137/7043Guards and shields
    • Y10T137/7062Valve guards

Definitions

  • SMB is a process that allows continuous material separations by imitating (simulating) countercurrent between adsorbent and mobile phase (liquid, gas or in the supercritical state).
  • a similar control concept for chiral material systems is described in WO 92/16274 from Bayer AG. This reference uses a number of two-way valves to counter-flow
  • SMB technology examples include WO 93/04022 A from Daicel in which SMB is used for racemate separation with subsequent re-racemization of the undesired isor, or WO 91/13046 A from Daicel which also describes the use of SMB with a chiral stationary phase for racemate identification.
  • Figure 2 shows a common SMB process.
  • the fluid flow passes through several fixed bed columns filled with adsorbent.
  • the system is divided into four functional zones by the continuous addition or removal of the feed, desorbent, extract and raffinate streams. Each of these zones takes on a special separation or reprocessing function.
  • the recycling flow is also shown, promoted by a recycling pump. There are one to several chromatographic columns for each functional zone, between the positions of the external supply and discharge flows. With a suitable choice of operating
  • the concentration profile of the main components to be separated in the cyclically stationary state within the SMB system is shown schematically on the right part of
  • Figure 2 shown relative to the positions of the supply and discharge flows at the time of the clock end.
  • FIGS 3 and 4 schematically show the apparatus structure of a conventional SMB method with the arrangement of individual valves in two successive cycles.
  • the valve circuits are shifted one position to the next column.
  • the pressure control must compensate for any disturbances in the area of the mass flows as quickly and precisely as possible, on the other hand, it is
  • the present invention therefore relates to an SMB method in which a 4 pump concept is used instead of the previously conventional 5 pump concept by pumping the eluent stream with constant flow and extract, raffinate and feed stream.
  • control valves instead of positive-displacement pumps are also possible for the two outlet flows.
  • FIG. 1 shows the principle of the SMB chromatography system according to the invention.
  • the system is only shown schematically here, for example the detailed line paths contained, the valve interconnections and the other instrumentation are missing.
  • the blocks shown represent the functional zones and not individual separating columns for a better overview.
  • the symbol FI represents a continuous flow measurement
  • FIC and LIC represent continuous flow or level controls including the necessary measuring and control devices.
  • Q provided with different indices, each represents a mass flow that occurs at a specific point in the chromatography system. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the circuit flow is interrupted / separated with an intermediate container.
  • the pump which is located directly behind the intermediate container, conveys the eluent flow with constant flow directly into the first separation column of the SMB chromatography system, regardless of whether the eluent is discharged after flowing through the system or returned to the intermediate container in a closed circuit.
  • the more robust separation method according to the invention of the melir column chromatography in countercurrent operation also allows a more efficient integration into the manufacturing process of chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
  • a reactor can be connected upstream and the outgoing product can be connected directly to the multi-column chromatography system as a feed.
  • the MVS is characterized by its compact design, - the modular expandability, cGMP -relevant features (avoidance of dead volumes, good cleanability) and ease of maintenance. Valve seats can be exchanged in the simplest way and adapted to the needs.
  • the compactness enables very short switching times with very high switching cycles.
  • a valve is already known from WO 03/052308, which is of modular construction and can be actuated pneumatically.
  • a characteristic feature of this valve is an extremely short closing travel of the valve spindle. Due to the design of this valve, however, only a mono-directional flow through the "valve is possible, so this valve is unusable for the erfindüngswashen use.
  • This MVS according to the invention orders from a master plate (10) on which at least one valve according to the invention is mounted.
  • the valve according to the invention consists of a valve housing (20) and a control housing (30), the control housing having an internal pneumatic chamber, which by means of a piston (31) with seal (32) into a lower control chamber (33) and an upper control chamber ( 34) is divided.
  • the lower control chamber is separated from the valve housing by an end plate (35) and additional seals (36).
  • An elongated valve stem (37) sits on the piston and runs through the valve housing to the sealing seat (11) in the area of the master plate.
  • valve housing and the control housing are fixed to one another with a centering plate (21) with seals (22).
  • the valve housing is positioned with a second fixation, the sealing seat (11) with associated seals (12), to the master plate, so that a channel connection through the sealing seat into the product space is made via an inlet channel (13) with a lateral transverse channel (14) in the master plate of the valve housing is created.
  • a discharge channel (15) for the product outlet is in turn available from the product space, whereby a flow channel is formed together with the inlet channel.
  • valve stem is extended on both sides of the piston, so that on the one hand the valve stem extends through the upper control chamber to the outside of the control housing and on the other hand the valve stem is extended through the valve housing into the sealing seat, the valve stem having a sealing contour to the valve seat and infeed completely closes the extended cross channel and prevents product flow.
  • Half of the sealing seat with its seals is positioned in the master plate and half in the valve housing, so that all valve parts inevitably center and position during assembly.
  • MVS multi-semiconductor
  • a common master plate with a common central feed channel can accommodate at least two valve sets with the same number of transverse channels and forms particularly low-noise block valves, which provide the sharp separation of materials required in process chromatography make it possible by appropriate control.
  • this type of valve according to the invention is characterized in that the pressurized control space and the pressurized product space are separated by a pressure-free space, thereby enabling leakage monitoring.
  • the valve according to the invention has a special sealing contour pairing between the lower, elongated valve spindle and the sealing seat, characterized in that different contour pairings and material pairs work together to form concentric sealing contours, which reliably prevent product flow when the valve is delivered, preferably a round contour pairing is used conical.
  • valve stem and sealing seat are concave and or convex designs of ball and cone contours, but also the combination with straight surfaces is possible.
  • the sealing valve spindle is designed in such a way that the sealing ends of the valve spindle are hollowed out in order to insert a complete ball, to weld both parts, and to obtain an extremely smooth surface contour for the sealing function.
  • the ball extends the valve spindle by the ball radius and very particularly preferably the ball extends the spindle by half the radius.
  • valves on master plateii offer particular advantages for accommodating at least two of the valve sets according to the invention, the master plate being designed in the form of a four-sided or six-sided rod and particularly preferably in a spatial form up to the dodecahedron, the number of valves on the master plate being related on all surfaces of the master plate is reduced by one or two.
  • the common master plate makes it possible to position two, three, four and more valves in the smallest space, whereby one or two surfaces must remain free on the master plate for the central supply and discharge of the product.
  • valve stem The extension of the valve stem by the control housing enables the external attachment of a position indicator that signals the current valve position.
  • block valves which consist of a master plate on the at least two valve housings with control housings and associated components, and a position indicator is attached to each control housing.
  • the position indicator enables the operator to visually display the specific valve position, the position indicator is based on electrical and or electronic and or mechanical signal generation, so that an inexpensive optical position indicator can also be implemented.
  • the valve seat is located completely in the master plate.
  • the closing path of the valve spindle is preferably mine 5 mm, particularly preferably mine 3 mm and very particularly preferably mine 1 mm.
  • valve stem contour seals the valve in the sealing seat and the diameter of the concentric sealing area of the two contours is larger than the hydraulic diameter of the transverse channel, the sealing area is preferably 1.1 to 1.3 times and the sealing area is particularly preferred a diameter in the sealing seat from 1.4 to 1.6 times the hydraulic diameter of the transverse anal.
  • valves according to the invention are particularly suitable for ensuring a mutually sharply separating product flow in process ChiOmatography systems.
  • My built block valves with a central master plate are particularly suitable for use in process chromatography systems.
  • Hi process chromatography systems according to the invention which essentially consist of several columns connected in series, the columns must be able to be shut off from one another and to one another at any time, valves are constantly pressurized via the product supply and product drainage, furthermore the valves in short intervals alternately switched to enable a quick and sharp separation for different fractions (product specifications), for example. Since the • products are generally very expensive, the valve according to the invention increases the performance of the entire process chromatography system due to the short closing paths between OPEN and infeed. Particularly important is the high valve functionality of the valves, which is calibrated in the form of a high level of tightness with a high number of switching cycles. It is therefore also possible to use it in batch chromatography systems.
  • Figure A shows a four-valve block with a master plate
  • Figure A shows the inventive valve with individual components
  • Figure B shows an example of a six-master plate or rod
  • Figure C shows the preferred concentric sealing area
  • FIG. A shows four valves (1, 2, 3, 4) according to the invention, mounted on a common master plate according to FIG.
  • valve housings (20) and control housings (30) are detachably connected to the master plate with corresponding fastening elements (eg screws).
  • the valve housing is centered on the master plate by means of the sealing seat (11), and the control housing is centered using a Zeiitrierplatte (21) which engages in the end plate (35).
  • control housing there is a piston (31) with a firmly connected valve spindle (37) which is extended on both sides, in order to form an upper and lower control chamber (33, 34) in the control housing.
  • the extended valve spindle extends on one side to the sealing seat and on the other side outside of the control housing in order to be able to accommodate a position indicator outside the valve if necessary.
  • the inner parts of the valve are provided with elastic seals, so that a product flowing through is directed through the valve, cannot escape to the outside, product space and control space are separated from each other and leakage or failure of a seal is detected. Furthermore, the seals used serve to seal individual valve components in their levels.
  • the seal (32) on the piston separates the upper and lower control space.
  • the two seals (36) separate the lower control chamber from the unpressurized valve chamber, the inner seal to the valve stem and the outer seal to the control housing.
  • the centering plate (21) also has two seals (22) in one plane, so that one seals the product space to the valve spindle and the other prevents a bypass flow.
  • the centering plate has a Querbolirung (23) which is extended through the transverse bore of the valve housing (24) to the outside ", so that between the product chamber 'and Steue ⁇ aum forms a drucMoser gap.
  • the transverse bores signal a leakage or a failure of the product side seals ,
  • FIG. B shows the cross section of a hexagonal rod or six-sided master plate (10), the central inlet channel (13) and the transverse channels (14) being introduced into the six-sided master plate, and a receiving hole for the sealing seats being introduced on each outer surface.
  • FIG. B clearly shows that six valves with the valve housing (20) and control housing (30) can be positioned in a confined space, and that with a hexagonal rod, even a multiple of six valves can be handled in succession in a very small space. However, it is not absolutely necessary to equip every valve position.
  • valve stem (37) and the sealing seat (11) are shown in FIG. It can be seen that the preferred sealing area (X2 - XI) is larger than the hydraulic cross section of the transverse channel. This has the advantage that with a large number of switching cycles at high differential pressures, the sealing contours are not spoiled.
  • FIG. D a special shape of the sealing valve stem contour (37) is shown.
  • a very smooth sealing surface is produced by attaching a ball (37 '). The ball partially protrudes into the cross-section of the valve stem and part of the ball is available as a raised contour.
  • the operating point is specified via the external currents Feed Q F , extract Q Ex and raffinate Q Ra as well as the internal eluent current Qi and the cycle time ⁇ .
  • DesorbensstiOm.es Q D as remaining external current is calibrated by the level control in the eluent template. This level control compensates for and determines the deviations from the nominal mass balance that are inevitably caused by faults and / or measurement errors together with the activation of the nominal desorbent tightness resulting from the balance sheets
  • This value is then set via the flow control of the desorbent quantity and monitored by means of continuous flow measurement.
  • a continuous online analysis measurement QIS is introduced into the recycling line according to Zone IV (FIG. 1).
  • this triggers a corresponding valve circuit so that the contaminated solvent flow is discharged and is not returned to the eluent charge.
  • the additional flow measurement in the recycled stream is used to determine Qo est when the recycled stream is discharged due to quality, in the proper operation the measurement data validation (data reconciliation) for all volume flows is carried out by utilizing the redundancy achieved by measuring the flow Q Dest in the volume flow measurements and balances and thus additionally increases the accuracy of the quantity control.
  • the flow control according to the invention enables - in particular by dispensing with a dracl control to close the mass balance - a more precise and robust setting of the flow rates to ensure the separation performance of the system.
  • the very particularly preferred embodiment of a combination of system and control concept according to the invention enables operation with both closed and open circuits.
  • any contamination can be removed directly by means of the online analysis measurement in the recycling line.
  • impurities can only be discharged via the product streams and thus result in a loss of results.
  • the redundancy in the volume flow measurements provided according to the invention and the measurement error comparison based thereon for the flow measurements additionally increases the accuracy of the quantity control and thus ensures the fulfillment of the separation task.
  • variable dead volumes and the associated process steps are avoided.
  • Special countermeasures such as the asynchronous switching of the valves is no longer necessary.
  • FIG. 5 shows the integration of the multi-column chromatography process into an overall process for the production of chemical and pharmaceutical substances using the example of racemic substances. It is possible to direct the reaction mixture continuously into the cliromatography system without intermediate storage after the reaction. Furthermore, the direct processing and recycling of the solvent from the extract and raffinate product streams into the eluent template is possible. The quality of the eluent must be measured and set in the ChiOmatography system before it is used again. Depending on the eluent composition required, a number of offline methods (such as GC and HPLC) and online methods (such as ultrasound, capacitive, NIR) are available.
  • offline methods such as GC and HPLC
  • online methods such as ultrasound, capacitive, NIR
  • the feed mixture of solid or flowable consistency in the specified eluent composition is presented from a feed container in another container. Extract and raffinate are fed from the chromatography system to evaporators and the evaporated solvent is recycled into the eluent reservoir. Depending on the number of solvents involved in the eluent mixture, fresh solvent is metered in from various eluent storage containers until the required eluent specification is submitted to the eluent supply to the cliromatography system.
  • the product concentrated after the evaporators is stored in containers and generally crystallized, filtered and dried in the further product workup.
  • the secondary product - the "wrong" enantiomer in the example - is usually re-racemized for economic reasons (often, for example, by changing pH or temperature) and added to the feed mixture coming from the original reaction stage after quality control.

Abstract

The invention relates to a chromatographic method for material separation in the production of chemicals such as chiral pharmaceuticals, isomers or biomolecules on a large and small scale, based on simulated moving bed technology (SMB). The invention especially relates to a method for material separation using a simulated moving bed method whereby a product mixture to be separated and the eluant are continuously fed to a column switching system consisting of more than one chromatography column connected in series and filled with an adsorbing agent, and at least one extract flow containing a separated component and a raffinate flow containing at least one other component are continuously removed in different locations of the column switching system, and whereby a relative movement between a liquid, mobile phase consisting of the product mixture and the eluant and the adsorbing agent in the solid phase is generated by sequentially opening liquid feed and removal positions along the column. The method according to the invention is characterized in that only an eluant feed pump and an eluant compensation reservoir but no circulation pump is used in the circuit.

Description

Verfahren zur Herstellung von chemischen und pharmazeutischen Produkten mit integrierter Mehrsäulen-Chromatographie Process for the manufacture of chemical and pharmaceutical products with integrated multi-column chromatography
Die Erfindung betrifft ein chromatographisches Verfahren zur Stofftrennung im Rahmen der Herstellung von Chemikalien wie z.B. chiralen Pharmazeutika, Isomeren oder Biomolekülen im Kleinmaßstab und Produktionsmaßstab, basierend auf Simulated Moving Bed (SMB = Gegenstrom Chromatographie) Technologie.The invention relates to a chromatographic process for the separation of substances in the course of the production of chemicals such as chiral pharmaceuticals, isomers or biomolecules on a small scale and production scale, based on simulated moving bed (SMB = countercurrent chromatography) technology.
SMB ist ein Verfahren, das kontinuierliche Stofftrennungen erlaubt, indem Gegenstrom zwischen Adsorbens und Mobiler Phase (Flüssigkeit, Gas oder im überkritischen Zustand) imitiert (simuliert) wird. .SMB is a process that allows continuous material separations by imitating (simulating) countercurrent between adsorbent and mobile phase (liquid, gas or in the supercritical state). ,
' US Patent No 3,706,612 von A.J. de Rosset und R. W. Neuzil besclireibt eine Simulated Moving Bed (Gegenstrom Chromatographie) Anlage im Pilotmaßstab. Ebenso wird dort ein Betriebs- problem besclirieben, wenn solche Anlagen im Großmaßstab betrieben werden und eine Kreislaufpumpe benutzt wird, um den Umlauf der Flüssigkeit im Prozess zu gewährleisten. Diese Erfindung (US A 3 706 612) beschreibt die Verwendung eines Ventils am Ausgangsende jedes Adsorbensbettes, um einen entgegengesetzten Fluss zu verhindern. ' US Patent No. 3,706,612 by AJ de Rosset and RW Neuzil describes a simulated moving bed (countercurrent chromatography) system on a pilot scale. An operating problem is also described there if such systems are operated on a large scale and a circulation pump is used to ensure the circulation of the liquid in the process. This invention (US A 3 706 612) describes the use of a valve at the exit end of each adsorbent bed to prevent reverse flow.
US Patent No 4,434,051 von M. W. Golem besclireibt einen Apparat, der Gegenstrom Chromatographie erlaubt, indem eine große Anzahl von Mehrwege- Ventilen anstatt eines einzigen Rotationsventils benutzt werden.US Patent No. 4,434,051 to M. W. Golem describes an apparatus that allows countercurrent chromatography using a large number of multi-way valves instead of a single rotary valve.
Die Trennung von racemischen Gemischen an chiralen Adsorbens wird in einem Artikel im Journal of Chromatography, 590 (1992), pp. 113-117 beschrieben, dort wird eine alternative Anordnung aus 8 Adsorptions-Kammern und 4 Rotationsventilen benutzt.The separation of racemic mixtures on chiral adsorbent is described in an article in the Journal of Chromatography, 590 (1992), pp. 113-117, an alternative arrangement of 8 adsorption chambers and 4 rotary valves is used there.
US Pat No. 3,268,605 besclireibt ein Steuerungssystem, welches die Flussrate von dreien derUS Pat No. 3,268,605 describes a control system which controls the flow rate of three of the
Hauptströme durch Flussregler und den vierten Strom durch einen Druckregler steuert. Ein ähnliches Steuerungskonzept für chirale Stoffsysteme wird in WO 92/16274 der Bayer AG besclirieben. Diese Referenz verwendet eine Reihe von Zweiwege-Ventilen, um den GegenstromMain flows through flow regulator and the fourth flow through a pressure regulator controls. A similar control concept for chiral material systems is described in WO 92/16274 from Bayer AG. This reference uses a number of two-way valves to counter-flow
^des" Adsorbens zu simulieren. ^ to simulate the " adsorbent.
In all diesen bekannten Techniken wird jedoch die Trennleistung durch das Holdup-Volumen der Kreislaufstrom-Pumpe gestört, was durch zusätzliche Maßnahmen, wie z.B. Asynchrones Takten, Veränderung der Säulenlängen oder Flussanpassung [wie z.B. in EP 0688590 AI, Sepharex (Novasep), „Totvolumeiikompensation der Kreislaufpumpe durch Reduktion des Volumens" (Länge); „asynchrones Takten" wie in EP 0688589 AI, Sepharex (Novasep); EP 0688588 AI „Durchsatzänderung der Rezyklierpumpe"] ausgeglichen werden muss. In DE 19833502 AI der Novasep, wird dazu die SMB Basisregelung über Druck durch gleichzeitige Variation von mindestens zwei Durchsätzen beschrieben.In all of these known techniques, however, the separation performance is disturbed by the hold-up volume of the circulating current pump, which can be achieved by additional measures, such as, for example, asynchronous clocking, changing the column lengths or flow adjustment [such as, for example, in EP 0688590 AI, Sepharex (Novasep), “dead volume egg compensation the circulation pump by reducing the volume "(length);" asynchronous clocking "as in EP 0688589 AI, Sepharex (Novasep); EP 0688588 AI "change in throughput of the recycling pump"] must be compensated. In DE 19833502 AI the Novasep, the SMB basic control over pressure is described by simultaneously varying at least two throughputs.
Konsequenter Weise wurde das Asynchrone Takten in einer Zone zum asynchronen Takten mehrerer oder aller Zonen (WO 00/25885 A) weiterentwickelt.Asynchronous clocking in a zone was consequently further developed for the asynchronous clocking of several or all zones (WO 00/25885 A).
Beispiele für den Einsatz der SMB Technologie liefern z.B. die WO 93/04022 A der Daicel in welcher SMB zur Racemattrennung mit anschließender Re-Racemiserung des unerwünschten Isorhers eingesetzt wird, oder WO 91/13046 A der Daicel welche den Einsatz von SMB mit chiraler stationäre Phase ebenfalls zur Racematτi'ennung beschreibt.Examples of the use of SMB technology provide e.g. WO 93/04022 A from Daicel in which SMB is used for racemate separation with subsequent re-racemization of the undesired isor, or WO 91/13046 A from Daicel which also describes the use of SMB with a chiral stationary phase for racemate identification.
Der Stand der Technik zur Regelung der internen und externen Mengenströme bei der simulierten Gegenstromcliromatographie ist z.B. in US Pat. 4499115, US Pat. 5685992, US Pat. 5762806, EP 960642 AI und DE 19833502 AI beschrieben.The state of the art for regulating the internal and external flow rates in simulated countercurrent chromatography is e.g. in US Pat. 4499115, US Pat. 5685992, US Pat. 5762806, EP 960642 AI and DE 19833502 AI.
Üblicherweise werden dort zur Förderung der Fluide 5 Pumpen eingesetzt, wobei sich jeweils eine Pumpe in den entsprechenden Zu- und Abfuhrleitungen - Feed- Eluens, Extrakt - und Raffϊnat- leitungen - befindet, und eine weitere Pumpe innerhalb eines geschlossenen Kreislaufes ange- ordnet ist. Zur Simulation des, Feststoffgegenstromes wird nach einem bestimmten Zeitintervall, der Taktzeit τ, umgetaktet, d.h. durch entsprechende Ventilschaltungen werden die Zugabe- und Entnalimestellen um eine Säule in Fließrichtung der Fluidphase verschoben. Die Kreislaufpumpe „wandert" somit durch die einzelnen Zonen und fördert während eines Umlaufs unterschiedliche Volumenströme.Usually 5 pumps are used to deliver the fluids, one pump in each case in the corresponding supply and discharge lines - feed eluent, extract - and raffnate lines - and a further pump is arranged within a closed circuit. To simulate the solid countercurrent, the clock time τ is re-clocked after a certain time interval, i.e. Appropriate valve circuits are used to shift the addition and entnali positions by one column in the direction of flow of the fluid phase. The circulation pump thus "wanders" through the individual zones and promotes different volume flows during one cycle.
Figur 2 zeigt einen üblichen SMB Prozess. Der Fluidstrom durchläuft beim SMB-Betrieb im Kreislauf mehrere mit Adsorbens gefüllte Festbettsäulen. Die Anlage wird durch die kontinuierliche Zugabe bzw. Entnahme der Feed-, Desorbens, Extrakt- und Raffinatströme in vier funk- 4 tionelle Zonen unterteilt. Jede einzelne dieser Zonen übernimmt dabei eine spezielle Trenn- bzw. Aufarbeituiigsfuiiktion. Dargestellt ist auch der Recyclestrom, gefördert durch eine Recyelepumpe. Je funktioneller Zone, zwischen den Positionen der externen Zu- und Abfuhrströme, befinden sich jeweils ein bis mehrere Chromatographische Säulen. Das sich bei geeigneter Wahl der Betriebs-Figure 2 shows a common SMB process. During SMB operation, the fluid flow passes through several fixed bed columns filled with adsorbent. The system is divided into four functional zones by the continuous addition or removal of the feed, desorbent, extract and raffinate streams. Each of these zones takes on a special separation or reprocessing function. The recycling flow is also shown, promoted by a recycling pump. There are one to several chromatographic columns for each functional zone, between the positions of the external supply and discharge flows. With a suitable choice of operating
' arameter im zyklisch stationären Zustand innerhalb der SMB Anlage einstellende Konzen- trationsprofil der zu trennenden Hauptkomponenten ist schematisch auf dem rechten Teil vonThe concentration profile of the main components to be separated in the cyclically stationary state within the SMB system is shown schematically on the right part of
Figur 2 relativ zu den Positionen der Zu- und Abfuhrströme zum Zeitpunkt des Taktendes dargestellt.Figure 2 shown relative to the positions of the supply and discharge flows at the time of the clock end.
Figur 3 und 4 zeigen schematisch den apparativen Aufbau eines üblichen SMB Verfahrens mit der Anordnung von Einzelventilen in zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Takten. In der Zufuhrleitung jeder Säule 2 Einzelventile für die Schaltung von alternativ Feed- oder Eluensstrom und in der Abfuhrleitung jeder Säule 3 Einzelventile für alternativ Raffinat-, Extrakt- oder Recyclingstrom. Bei jedem weiteren Talct werden die Ventilschaltungen um eine Position auf die nächste Säule verlagert.Figures 3 and 4 schematically show the apparatus structure of a conventional SMB method with the arrangement of individual valves in two successive cycles. In the supply line everyone Pillar 2 single valves for switching alternate feed or eluent flow and in the discharge line of each pillar 3 single valves for alternate raffinate, extract or recycling stream. With each further Talct the valve circuits are shifted one position to the next column.
5 Sind die Verbindungsleitungen zwischen den Säulen unterschiedlich lang und beinhalten ein gegenüber dem Säulenvolumen nicht zu vernachlässigendes Totvolume , so muss dieser Tatsache Rechiiung getragen, und einer damit evtl. verbundenen Verschlechterung der Trennleistung entgegengewirkt werden. Mögliche Abhilfe schaffen ein asynchrones Umschalten der Ventile (EP 688589 Bl), eine spezifische Anpassung der Zonenvolumina (EP 688690 B2) oder eine Anpassung 10 der Fördeπnenge der Kreislaufpumpe (EP 688588 B 1).5 If the connecting lines between the columns are of different lengths and contain a dead volume that is not negligible compared to the column volume, this fact must be taken into account and any associated deterioration in the separation performance must be counteracted. Possible remedies are an asynchronous switching of the valves (EP 688589 B1), a specific adaptation of the zone volumes (EP 688690 B2) or an adaptation 10 of the delivery volume of the circulation pump (EP 688588 B1).
Für einen kontinuierlichen, bestimmungsgemäßen Betrieb ist die möglichst exakte Einhaltung der internen und externen Mengenströme eine unabdingbare Voraussetzung. Dazu werden üblicherweise drei der vier zugeführten und abgeführten Mengenströme (QF, QD, QEx und QRaf) konstant geregelt, während der vierte Teilstrom über einen spezifizierten Systemdruck so nachgeregelt wird, ■ 15 dass dieser Systemdruck konstant bleibt womit die Gesamtmassenbilanz eingehalten wird.For continuous, intended operation, the most exact possible compliance with the internal and external flow rates is an essential requirement. For this purpose, three of the four supplied and discharged volume flows (Q F , Q D , Q Ex and Q Raf ) are usually regulated constantly, while the fourth partial flow is adjusted via a specified system pressure in such a way that this system pressure remains constant, thus keeping the overall mass balance ,
Diese bislang übliche Betriebsweise von SMB Chromatographieanlagen weist daher folgende gravierende Nachteile auf:This traditional way of operating SMB chromatography systems therefore has the following serious disadvantages:
• Die Druckregelung muss einerseits sämtliche Störungen im Bereich der Mengenströme möglichst schnell und exakt kompensieren, andererseits wird sie selbst durch betriebs-• On the one hand, the pressure control must compensate for any disturbances in the area of the mass flows as quickly and precisely as possible, on the other hand, it is
20 . bedingte Drackschwankungen (z.B. auch durch die zyklischen Umschaltvorgänge) teilweise empfindlich gestört. Insbesondere bei hohen Reinheitsanforderungen und/oder kurzen Zykluszeiten kann dieses zu Instabilitäten bis hin zum Verlust der Trennleistung führen.20th Conditional fluctuations in pressure (e.g. also due to the cyclical switchover processes) are sometimes seriously disturbed. Particularly with high purity requirements and / or short cycle times, this can lead to instabilities and even loss of separation performance.
• Das Schließen der Mengenbilanz über eine Druclσegelung erfordert einen permanent geschlossenen Kreislauf. Kurzfristiges Öffnen des Kreislaufes z.B. zum Ausschleusen von• Closing the quantity balance via a pressure control requires a permanently closed cycle. Short-term opening of the circuit e.g. to discharge
25 Verunreinigungen ist hiermit nicht möglich.25 Impurities are not possible with this.
• Die interne Kreislaufpumpe wird mit ständig wechselnden Mengenströmen konfrontiert, des weiteren verursacht diese Art der Verschaltung variable Totvolumina und somit inhärente Prozessstörungen, die kompensiert werden müssen. Wie bereits erwähnt, gestaltet sich dieses insbesondere bei kurzen Zykluszeiten und anspruchsvollen Trennaufgaben vielfach• The internal circuit pump is confronted with constantly changing flow rates. Furthermore, this type of connection causes variable dead volumes and thus inherent process disturbances that have to be compensated. As already mentioned, this is particularly common with short cycle times and demanding separation tasks
30 als schwierig. hτι bestimmungsgemäßen Kreislaufbetrieb existieren beim SMB Prozess generell 4 interne (Q , Qπ, Qni und Qiv) und 4 externe Mengenströme (QF, QD, QEx und QRaf), die über folgende Massenbilanzen Qπ = Qr - Q* 30 as difficult. In accordance with the intended cycle operation, there are generally 4 internal (Q, Q π , Qni and Qiv) and 4 external flows (Q F , Q D , Q Ex and Q Raf ) in the SMB process, which are based on the following mass balances Qπ = Qr - Q *
(D miteinander verl iüpft sind. Für die Festlegung des Betriebspunlctes müssen 3 externe und ein interner Mengenstrom sowie die Taktzeit τ derart spezifiziert werden, dass die Trennaufgabe gelöst und dadurch wirtschaftlich optimaler Betrieb bei Einhaltung der vorgegebenen Produktr- einheiten erzielt wird. Die Talctzeit τ bestimmt dabei die „Geschwindigkeit" des scheinbaren Feststoffgegenstroms.(D are linked to each other. To determine the operating point, 3 external and one internal volume flow as well as the cycle time τ must be specified in such a way that the separation task is solved and economically optimal operation is achieved while observing the specified product units. The talct time τ determines the "speed" of the apparent countercurrent of solid.
Im gesamten Stand der Technik werden zum Betrieb der SMB jedoch grundsätzlich Kreislaufpumpen eingesetzt, was zu den bereits beschriebenen Problemen durch das Holdup Volumen der Pumpe führt.In the entire state of the art, however, circulation pumps are generally used to operate the SMB, which leads to the problems already described due to the holdup volume of the pump.
Es wurde nun überraschend gefunden, dass wider Erwarten keine Kreislaufstrom-Pumpe not- wendig ist, um den Fluidkreislauf in einem SMB aufrecht zu erhalten.It has now surprisingly been found that, contrary to expectations, no circuit flow pump is required to maintain the fluid circuit in an SMB.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft daher ein SMB Verfahren in welchem statt des bisher üblichen 5 Pumpen- Konzeptes ein 4 Pumpen-Konzept angewendet wird, indem der Eluentstrom mit konstantem Fluss sowie Extrakt-, Raffinat- und Feed-Strom gepumpt werden. Für die zwei Auslass-Ströme sind dabei alternativ auch Regelventile anstelle zwangsfördernder Pumpen möglich.The present invention therefore relates to an SMB method in which a 4 pump concept is used instead of the previously conventional 5 pump concept by pumping the eluent stream with constant flow and extract, raffinate and feed stream. Alternatively, control valves instead of positive-displacement pumps are also possible for the two outlet flows.
Figur 1 zeigt das Prinzip der erfindungsgemäßen SMB Chromatographieanlage. Die Anlage ist hier nur schematisch dargestellt, es fehlen z.B. die enthaltenen detaillierten Leitungswege, die Ventilverschaltungen sowie die sonstige Instrumentierung. Des weiteren repräsentieren zur besseren Übersicht die dargestellten Blöcke jeweils die funktioneilen Zonen und nicht einzelne Trennsäulen. Das Symbol FI stellt eine kontinuierliche Durchflussmessung dar, FIC und LIC repräsentieren kontinuierliche Durchfluss- bzw. Standregelungen inklusive der dazu benötigten Mess- und Stelleinrichtungen. Q stellt, mit unterschiedlichen Indices versehen, jeweils einen Mengenstrom dar, der an einer bestimmten Stelle der Chromatographieanlage auftritt. Der Kreislaufstrom wird, wie in Figur 1 zu erkennen, mit einem Zwischenbehälter unterbrochen/getrennt. Das erlaubt neben einer robusten Mengenstromregelung zusätzlich eine Ausschleusung von Fraktionen mit potentiellen Verunreinigungen im laufenden Betrieb, die durch geeignete online Analytik wie z.B. UV, NIR, RI oder US bestimmt werden können (in Figur 1 als QIS gekennzeichnet). Die direkt hinter dem Zwischenbehälter ortsfest angeordnete Pumpe fördert dabei den Eluensstrom mit konstantem Fluss direkt in die erste Trennsäule der SMB Chromatographieanlage, und zwar unabhängig davon, ob das Eluens nach Durchströmen der Anlage ausgeschleust oder in geschlossenem Kreislauf über den Zwischenbehälter rückgeführt wird.Figure 1 shows the principle of the SMB chromatography system according to the invention. The system is only shown schematically here, for example the detailed line paths contained, the valve interconnections and the other instrumentation are missing. Furthermore, the blocks shown represent the functional zones and not individual separating columns for a better overview. The symbol FI represents a continuous flow measurement, FIC and LIC represent continuous flow or level controls including the necessary measuring and control devices. Q, provided with different indices, each represents a mass flow that occurs at a specific point in the chromatography system. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the circuit flow is interrupted / separated with an intermediate container. In addition to robust volume flow control, this also allows fractions with potential contaminants to be discharged during operation, which can be determined by suitable online analytics such as UV, NIR, RI or US (identified as QIS in FIG. 1). The pump, which is located directly behind the intermediate container, conveys the eluent flow with constant flow directly into the first separation column of the SMB chromatography system, regardless of whether the eluent is discharged after flowing through the system or returned to the intermediate container in a closed circuit.
Dadurch, dass eine Kreislaufstrompumpe eingespart wird und eine Eluentpumpe mit konstantem Fluss verwendet wird, ist es nicht notwendig, die Trennleistung störende Holdup- Volumen der Kreislauf ström Pumpe durch zusätzliche Maßnahmen auszugleichen, wie z.B. Asynchrones Takten, Säulenlängenveränderung oder Flussanpassung (s.o. Stand der Technik). Auch die Weiterentwicklung des Asynchronen Taktens in einer Zone zu dem Asynchronen Takten mehrerer oder aller Zonen wird so überflüssig, denn die Trennleistung kann im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren schon direkt durch die Holdup-optimierte Verschaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Chromatographieanlage erreicht werden.By saving on a circulating current pump and using an eluent pump with a constant flow, it is not necessary to compensate for the holdup volume of the circulating current pump which interferes with the separation performance by additional measures, such as Asynchronous clocking, column length change or flow adjustment (see above state of the art). The further development of asynchronous clocking in one zone to the asynchronous clocking of several or all zones is thus also superfluous, since the separation power in the method according to the invention can be achieved directly through the holdup-optimized connection of the chromatography system according to the invention.
Ebenso kann durch die beschriebene Ausschleusung von verunreinigten Eluensfralctionen im Kreislaufstrom aufwendiges Anhalten oder sogar An- und Abfahren der Anlage vermieden werden. Dies erhöht neben der robusteren Steuerung weiterhin die Wirtschaftliclilceit des Verfahrens durch die beschriebene Erfindung.Likewise, elaborate stopping or even starting and stopping of the system can be avoided by the described discharge of contaminated eluent fractions in the circuit stream. In addition to the more robust control, this further increases the economic efficiency of the method by the described invention.
Das erfϊndungsgemäße robustere Trennverfahren der Melir-Säulen-Chromatographie im Gegen- strorribetrieb erlaubt zudem eine effizientere Einbindung in den Herstellungsprozess von Chemikalien und Pharmazeutika. So kann ein Reaktor vorgeschaltet und das ausgehende Produkt direkt als Feed mit der Mehr-Säulen Chromatographie Anlage verbunden werden. Ebenso sind Rückführungen von nicht Zielfraktionen nach weiteren Umlagerungen oder Reaktionen, wie z.B. Re- Racemisierung mittels pH- oder Teinperaturshift, in das Feedgemisch oder den Reaktor effizienter -möglich.The more robust separation method according to the invention of the melir column chromatography in countercurrent operation also allows a more efficient integration into the manufacturing process of chemicals and pharmaceuticals. A reactor can be connected upstream and the outgoing product can be connected directly to the multi-column chromatography system as a feed. Likewise, returns of non-target fractions after further rearrangements or reactions, e.g. Re-racemization by means of pH or temperature shift, into the feed mixture or the reactor more efficiently - possible.
Ein weiterer Punkt ist, dass sowohl die nachgeschaltete Lösungsmittelaufarbeitung als auch Produlctaufarbeitung mittels Eindampf-, Troclcnungs- und oder Kristallisations-Stufen effizienter durchzuführen ist, da durch die beschriebene Erfindung der Durchsatz höher, die Produktver- dünnung niedriger und die Betriebsströme konstanter sind; denn es kann technisch ein Betriebspunkt gewählt werden, der näher am theoretischen Optimum ist. hi einer besonders bevorzugten Ausfüliruiigsforni ersetzt zudem ein neuartiges Modular-Valve- System (MVS), welches selbst ebenfalls Gegenstand dieser Erfindung ist, die bekannten Ein- bzw. Mel rwegearaiaturen und besticht dabei durch seine Vielseitigkeit. In einem einzigen Verteilerkörper können die zu schaltenden Verfahrenswege durch Einbringen der Ventilköpfe realisiert werden. Des Weiteren können auch Prozessparameter (wie z.B. Druck, Temperatur oder Konzentrationen) über entsprechende Adaptionen ermittelt werden. Das MVS zeichnet sich durch seine kompakte Bauweise,- die modulare Erweiterbarkeit, cGMP -relevante Merkmale (Vermeiden von Totvolumina, gute Reinigbarkeit) und hohe Wartongsfreundlichkeit aus. Ventilsitze können auf einfachste Weise ausgetauscht und den Bedürfnissen angepasst werden. Die Kompaktheit ermög- licht sehr kurze Schaltzeiten bei sehr hohen Schaltzylclen. Durch diese wesentlichen Verbesserungen kann im Pilot- und Produktionsmaßstab die Anlagenverfügbarkeit deutlich erhöht werden. Außerdem ist es mit der Erfindung möglich, Anlagen näher am theoretischen Optimum zu betreiben, was den Durchsatz/die Produktivität der Gesamtanlage erhöht.Another point is that both the downstream solvent work-up and the product work-up by means of evaporation, drying and or crystallization stages can be carried out more efficiently since the throughput is higher, the product dilution is lower and the operating streams are more constant due to the invention described; technically, an operating point can be selected that is closer to the theoretical optimum. hi a particularly preferred Ausfülliruiigsforni also replaces a novel modular valve system (MVS), which is itself also the subject of this invention, the known one-way or Mel raiearaiaturen and impresses with its versatility. The process paths to be switched can be implemented in a single distributor body by introducing the valve heads. In addition, process parameters (such as pressure, temperature or concentrations) can be determined using appropriate adaptations. The MVS is characterized by its compact design, - the modular expandability, cGMP -relevant features (avoidance of dead volumes, good cleanability) and ease of maintenance. Valve seats can be exchanged in the simplest way and adapted to the needs. The compactness enables very short switching times with very high switching cycles. These significant improvements can significantly increase plant availability on a pilot and production scale. It is also possible with the invention to operate systems closer to the theoretical optimum, which increases the throughput / productivity of the overall system.
Aus WO 03/052308 ist bereits ein Ventil bekannt, welches modular aufgebaut ist und pneumatisch betätigt werden kann. Kennzeichnend für dieses Ventil ist ein äußerst geringer Schließweg der Ventilspindel. Auf Grund der Konstruktion dieses Ventils ist jedoch nur eine monodirektionale Durchströmung des "Ventils möglich, womit dieses Ventil für den erfindüngsgemäßen Einsatz unbrauchbar ist.A valve is already known from WO 03/052308, which is of modular construction and can be actuated pneumatically. A characteristic feature of this valve is an extremely short closing travel of the valve spindle. Due to the design of this valve, however, only a mono-directional flow through the "valve is possible, so this valve is unusable for the erfindüngsgemäßen use.
Um die Vereinfachung des SMB Verfahrens hin zum erfindüngsgemäßen Verfahren zu erleichtern und eine verbesserte und damit bevorzugte Ausführungsfoπn zu ermöglichen, war es notwendig ein Ventil zu entwickeln, welches extrem geringe Schließzeiten bei AUF-/ZU-Stellung hat, eine sehr hohe Anzahl von Schaltzylclen leistet, ohne Verschleißerscheinungen zu zeigen, geringste produlctseitige Toträume aufweist, Meine bauliche Abmessungen hat und von beiden Seiten mit Produkt durchströmbar ist, so dass neben der Ventilfunktion in der Grundanwendung auch betriebliche Reinigungsvorgänge durch umgekelirte Ströniungsrichtungen und CTP- (Cleaning in Place) bzw. SE? - (Sterilization in Place) Prozeduren einfach durchführbar sind. Ausserdem durften hohe Prozessanforderungen hinsichtlich Druck und Temperatur die Funktionalität des Ventils nicht einschränken. Insbesondere bei der Verschaltung von mehreren Ventilen auf kleinstem Raum ist es unbedingt notwendig, Kompaktventile mit wenigen Bauteilen in modularer Bauweise zu realisieren, die bei Schaltvorgängen ein sehr niedriges hold up und somit scharfe Trennleistungen ermöglichen. Das ideale Ventil sollte trotz eines Meinen Schaltweges eine Stellungsanzeige haben, durch die der Anwender jederzeit die konkrete Ventilstellung erkennen kann. Die automatische bzw. selbsttätige Schaltung des Ventils in eine vorgegebene prozessseitige Sicherheitsstellung bei Steuerenergie-Ausfall sollte im besten Fall auch noch ermöglicht werden. Diesen Anforderungen ist kein aus dem Stand der Technik bekanntes Ventil in vollkommen zufrieden stellender Weise gewachsen.In order to simplify the simplification of the SMB process towards the process according to the invention and to enable an improved and thus preferred embodiment, it was necessary to develop a valve which has extremely short closing times in the OPEN / CLOSE position and which performs a very large number of switching cycles , without showing any signs of wear, has minimal dead space on the product side, has my physical dimensions and product can flow through from both sides, so that in addition to the valve function in the basic application, operational cleaning processes through reversed flow directions and CTP (cleaning in place) or SE? - (Sterilization in place) procedures are easy to carry out. In addition, high process requirements with regard to pressure and temperature were not allowed to limit the functionality of the valve. Especially when connecting several valves in the smallest space, it is absolutely necessary to implement compact valves with a few components in a modular design, which enable a very low hold-up during switching operations and thus sharp separation performance. Despite my switching path, the ideal valve should have a position indicator that enables the user to recognize the specific valve position at any time. The automatic or automatic switching of the valve to a predetermined process-side safety position in the event of control energy failure should also be possible in the best case. These requirements no valve known from the prior art has grown in a completely satisfactory manner.
Überraschenderweise ist es aber möglich, ein MVS zu bauen, das die oben genannten Anforderungen in besonderer Weise' erfüllt. Diese erfindungsgernäße MVS bestellt aus einer Master- platte (10), auf der mindestens ein erfindungsgemäßes Ventil montiert ist. Das erfindungsgernäße Ventil besteht aus einem Ventilgehäuse (20) und einem Steuergehäuse (30), wobei das Steuergehäuse einen innen liegenden Pneumatikraum hat, der durch einen Kolben (31) mit Dichtung (32) in einen unteren Steuerraum (33) und einen oberen Steuerraum (34) geteilt ist. Der untere Steuerraum ist durch eine Abschlussplatte (35) und zusätzliche Dichtungen (36) vom Ventilgehäuse getrennt. Am Kolben sitzt eine verlängerte Ventilspiiidel (37), die durch das Ventilgehäuse bis zum Dichtsitz (11) im Bereich der Masterplatte verläuft. Das Ventilgehäuse und das Steuergehäuse sind mit einer Zentrierplatte (21) mit Dichtungen (22) zueinander fixiert. Das Ventilgehäuse ist mit einer zweiten Fixierung, dem Dichtsitz (11) mit zugehörigen Dichtungen (12), zur Masterplatte • positioniert, so dass über einen Zulaufkanal (13) mit seitlichem Querkanal (14) in der Masterplatte eine Kanalverbindung durch den Dichtsitz in den Produktraum des Ventilgehäuses geschaffen ist. Aus dem Produktraum ist wiederum ein Ableitkanal (15) für den Produktaustritt vorhanden wodurch mit dem Zulaufkanal zusammen ein Durchflusskanal gebildet wird. Die Ventilspindel ist zum Kolben beidseitig verlängert, so dass zum einen die Ventilspiiidel durch den oberen Steuerraum bis außerhalb des Steuergehäuses reicht und zum anderen die Ventilspindel durch das Ventilgehäuse bis in den Dichtsitz verlängert ist, wobei die Ventilspindel eine dichtende Kontur zum Ventilsitz hat und in Zustellung den verlängerten Querkanal vollständig verschließt und den Produktdurchfiuss verhindert. Der Dichtsitz ist mit seinen Dichtungen hälftig in der Masterplatte und hälftig im Ventilgehäuse positioniert, so dass sich alle Ventilteile während der Montage zwangsläufig zentrieren und positionieren.Surprisingly, however, it is possible to build an MVS that meets the above requirements in a special way '. This MVS according to the invention orders from a master plate (10) on which at least one valve according to the invention is mounted. The valve according to the invention consists of a valve housing (20) and a control housing (30), the control housing having an internal pneumatic chamber, which by means of a piston (31) with seal (32) into a lower control chamber (33) and an upper control chamber ( 34) is divided. The lower control chamber is separated from the valve housing by an end plate (35) and additional seals (36). An elongated valve stem (37) sits on the piston and runs through the valve housing to the sealing seat (11) in the area of the master plate. The valve housing and the control housing are fixed to one another with a centering plate (21) with seals (22). The valve housing is positioned with a second fixation, the sealing seat (11) with associated seals (12), to the master plate, so that a channel connection through the sealing seat into the product space is made via an inlet channel (13) with a lateral transverse channel (14) in the master plate of the valve housing is created. A discharge channel (15) for the product outlet is in turn available from the product space, whereby a flow channel is formed together with the inlet channel. The valve stem is extended on both sides of the piston, so that on the one hand the valve stem extends through the upper control chamber to the outside of the control housing and on the other hand the valve stem is extended through the valve housing into the sealing seat, the valve stem having a sealing contour to the valve seat and infeed completely closes the extended cross channel and prevents product flow. Half of the sealing seat with its seals is positioned in the master plate and half in the valve housing, so that all valve parts inevitably center and position during assembly.
Des Weiteren ist eine kennzeichnende Besonderheit des MVS, dass mehrere Ventile raumsparend angeordnet sind, so dass eine gemeinsame Masterplatte mit einem gemeinsamen zentralen Zuführkanal mindestens zwei Ventilsätze mit gleicher Anzahl von Querkanälen aufnehmen kann und besonders totrauniarme Bloclcventile bildet, welche die in der Prozesschromatographie erforderliche scharfe Stofftrennung durch entsprechende Ansteuerung möglich machen.Another characteristic of the MVS is that several valves are arranged in a space-saving manner, so that a common master plate with a common central feed channel can accommodate at least two valve sets with the same number of transverse channels and forms particularly low-noise block valves, which provide the sharp separation of materials required in process chromatography make it possible by appropriate control.
Diese erfindungsgernäße Art Ventil ist in einer weiteren besonderen Ausführungsfoπn dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der druckbeaufschlagte Steueπraum und der druckbeaufschlagte Produktraum durch einen drucldosen Raum getrennt sind und dadurch eine Leckageüberwachung ermöglicht wird. Das erfindungsgemäße Ventil besitzt eine besondere Dichtkonturpaarung zwischen der unteren, verlängerten Ventilspindel und dem Dichtsitz, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass unterschiedliche Konturpaarungen und Werkstoffpaarungen zusammenwirken um konzentrische Dichtkonturen zu bilden, welche den Produktdurchfiuss bei Zustellung des Ventils sicher verhindern, wobei vorzugs- weise eine Konturpaarung Rund zu kegelig verwendet wird.In another special embodiment, this type of valve according to the invention is characterized in that the pressurized control space and the pressurized product space are separated by a pressure-free space, thereby enabling leakage monitoring. The valve according to the invention has a special sealing contour pairing between the lower, elongated valve spindle and the sealing seat, characterized in that different contour pairings and material pairs work together to form concentric sealing contours, which reliably prevent product flow when the valve is delivered, preferably a round contour pairing is used conical.
Weitere bevorzugte Konturen für Ventilsspindel und Dichtsitz sind konkave und oder konvexe Ausführungen von Kugel- und Kegelkonturen, aber auch die Kombination mit geraden Flächen ist möglich.Other preferred contours for valve stem and sealing seat are concave and or convex designs of ball and cone contours, but also the combination with straight surfaces is possible.
hi einer besonderen Ausfuhrungsform wird die dichtende Ventilspindel so ausgeführt, dass die dichtenden Enden der Ventilspindel ausgehöhlt werden, um eine vollständige Kugel einzusetzen, beide Teile zu verschweißen, und eine extrem glatte Oberflächenkontur für die Dichtfunktion zu erhalten. In einer besonders bevorzugten Aus irungsform der Ventilspindel mit Kugel verlängert die Kugel die Ventilspindel um den Kugelradius und ganz besonders bevorzugt verlängert die Kugel die Spindel um den halben Radius.In a special embodiment, the sealing valve spindle is designed in such a way that the sealing ends of the valve spindle are hollowed out in order to insert a complete ball, to weld both parts, and to obtain an extremely smooth surface contour for the sealing function. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the valve spindle with ball, the ball extends the valve spindle by the ball radius and very particularly preferably the ball extends the spindle by half the radius.
Besondere Vorteile bieten diverse Ausführungen der Ventile auf Masterplatteii zur Aufnahme von mindestens zwei der erfindüngsgemäßen Ventilsätze, wobei die Masterplatte in Form einer vierecMgen oder sechseclcigen Stange und besonders bevorzugt in räumlicher Form bis zum Dodekaeder ausgebildet ist, wobei die auf der Masterplatte befindliche Anzahl von Ventilen bezogen auf alle Flächen der Masterplatte um ein bis zwei verringert ist. Durch die gemeinsame Masterplatte ist es möglich zwei, drei, vier und mehr Ventile auf kleinstem Raum zu positionieren, wobei auf der Masterplatte für die zentrale Zu- und Abführung des Produkts ein bis zwei Flächen frei bleiben müssen. •Various designs of the valves on master plateii offer particular advantages for accommodating at least two of the valve sets according to the invention, the master plate being designed in the form of a four-sided or six-sided rod and particularly preferably in a spatial form up to the dodecahedron, the number of valves on the master plate being related on all surfaces of the master plate is reduced by one or two. The common master plate makes it possible to position two, three, four and more valves in the smallest space, whereby one or two surfaces must remain free on the master plate for the central supply and discharge of the product. •
Die Verlängerung der Ventilspindel durch das Steuergehäuse eπiiöglicht die äußere Anbringung eines Stellungsmelders, der die aktuelle Ventilstellung signalisiert.The extension of the valve stem by the control housing enables the external attachment of a position indicator that signals the current valve position.
Ebenfalls Gegenstand dieser Anmeldung sind daher auch Blockventile, welche aus einer Masterplatte bestehen auf der mindestens je zwei Ventilgehäuse mit Steuergehäuse und jeweils zugehörigen Im enbauteilen, und zu jedem Steuergehäuse ein Stellungsanzeiger angebracht ist.Also part of this application are therefore block valves, which consist of a master plate on the at least two valve housings with control housings and associated components, and a position indicator is attached to each control housing.
Der Stellungsanzeiger ermöglicht dem Betreiber eine optische Anzeige der konkreten Ventilstellung, der Stellungsanzeiger basiert auf einer elektrischen und oder elektronischen und oder mechanische Signalerzeugung, so dass auch eine preiswerte optische Stellungsanzeige realisierbar wird. hi einer bevorzugten Ausführungsfoπn des erfindüngsgemäßen Ventils befindet sich der Ventilsitz vollständig in der Masterplatte.The position indicator enables the operator to visually display the specific valve position, the position indicator is based on electrical and or electronic and or mechanical signal generation, so that an inexpensive optical position indicator can also be implemented. In a preferred embodiment of the valve according to the invention, the valve seat is located completely in the master plate.
Der Schließweg der Ventilspindel ist bevorzugt Meiner 5 mm, besonders bevorzugt Meiner 3 mm und ganz besonders bevorzugt Meiner 1mm.The closing path of the valve spindle is preferably mine 5 mm, particularly preferably mine 3 mm and very particularly preferably mine 1 mm.
Zur Herstellung des Ventils können alle metallischen und nichtmetallischen Werkstoffe verwendet werden.All metallic and non-metallic materials can be used to manufacture the valve.
hi einer weiteren Ausfülirungsform dichtet die Ventilspindelkontur das Ventil im Dichtsitz und der Durchmesserveriauf des konzentrischen Dichtbereiches der beiden Konturen ist größer als der hydraulische Durclmiesser des Querkanals, bevorzugt liegt der Dichtbereich beim 1,1 bis 1, 3- fachen und besonders bevorzugt liegt der Dichtbereich auf einem Durclmiesser im Dichtsitz vom 1,4 bis 1,6-fachen des hydraulischen Durchmessers des Quer anals.In a further embodiment, the valve stem contour seals the valve in the sealing seat and the diameter of the concentric sealing area of the two contours is larger than the hydraulic diameter of the transverse channel, the sealing area is preferably 1.1 to 1.3 times and the sealing area is particularly preferred a diameter in the sealing seat from 1.4 to 1.6 times the hydraulic diameter of the transverse anal.
Die erfindüngsgemäßen Ventile sind insbesondere geeignet, um eine wechselseitige scharf trennende Produktdui'chströmung in Prozess-ChiOmatographieanlagen zu gewährleisten. Besonders geeignet für die Verwendung in Prozess-Chromatographieanlagen sind Mein gebaute Blockventile mit zentraler Masterplatte.The valves according to the invention are particularly suitable for ensuring a mutually sharply separating product flow in process ChiOmatography systems. My built block valves with a central master plate are particularly suitable for use in process chromatography systems.
hi erfindungsgemäßen Prozess-Chromatographieanlagen, die im wesentlichen aus mehreren in Reihe geschalteten Säulen bestehen, wobei die Säulen beliebig unter einander und zu einander abspercbar sein müssen, sind Ventile über die Produlctzu- und die Produktableitung ständig mit Druck beaufschlagt, des weiteren werden die Ventile in kurzen Zeitabständen wechselnd geschaltet um z.B. bei unterschiedlichen Fraktionen (Produktspezifikationen) eine schnelle und scharfe Trennung zu ennöglichen. Da die Produkte in der Regel sehr teuer sind, erhöht das erfindungsgemäße Ventil aufgrund der geringen Schließwege zwischen AUF- und Zustellung die Leistungsfähigkeit der gesamten Prozesschromatographie- nlage. Insbesondere wichtig ist die hohe Ventilfunktionalität der Ventile, die in Foπn einer hohen Dichtheit bei gleichzeitig hoher Anzahl von Schaltzylclen eπeicht wird. Daher ist auch eine Anwendung in Batch-Chromato- graphie-Anlagen möglich.Hi process chromatography systems according to the invention, which essentially consist of several columns connected in series, the columns must be able to be shut off from one another and to one another at any time, valves are constantly pressurized via the product supply and product drainage, furthermore the valves in short intervals alternately switched to enable a quick and sharp separation for different fractions (product specifications), for example. Since the products are generally very expensive, the valve according to the invention increases the performance of the entire process chromatography system due to the short closing paths between OPEN and infeed. Particularly important is the high valve functionality of the valves, which is calibrated in the form of a high level of tightness with a high number of switching cycles. It is therefore also possible to use it in batch chromatography systems.
Figuren:Characters:
Figur A zeigt ein Vierer - Ventilblock mit MasterplatteFigure A shows a four-valve block with a master plate
Figur A' zeigt das erfinderische Ventil mit einzelnen Bauteilen FigurB zeigt beispielhaft eine sechsecl ige Masterplatte bzw. -StangeFigure A 'shows the inventive valve with individual components Figure B shows an example of a six-master plate or rod
FigurC zeigt den bevorzugten konzentrischen DichtbereichFigure C shows the preferred concentric sealing area
Figur D zeigt eine besondere Ausführung der dichtenden Ventilspindelkontur In Figur A sind vier erfinderische Ventile (1, 2, 3, 4), gemäss Figur A\ auf einer gemeinsamen Masterplatte montiert, gezeigt.Figure D shows a special embodiment of the sealing valve stem contour FIG. A shows four valves (1, 2, 3, 4) according to the invention, mounted on a common master plate according to FIG.
hi der Figur A' sind alle Ventileinzelteile auf einer gemeinsamen Masterplatte (10) dargestellt. In Figur A' ist zu erkennen, dass die Masterplatte (10) einen zentralen Zuflaufkanal (11) für das Produkt hat und vom Zulaufkanal vier Querkanäle (14) abzweigen zu den auf der Masterplatte adaptierten Ventilen. Auf der Masterplatte können mindestens zwei weitere Ventile montiert werden, in dem weitere Ventilgehäuse (20) und Steuergehäuse (30) mit entsprechenden Befesti- gungselementen (z.B. Schrauben) mit der Masterplatte lösbar verbunden sind. Das Ventilgehäuse wird mittels des Dichtsitzes (11) zur Masterplatte zentriert und die Zentrierung des Steuergehäuses erfolgt mit einer Zeiitrierplatte (21), die in die Abschlussplatte (35) eingreift. Im Steuergehäuse ist ein Kolben (31) mit festverbundener beidseitig verlängerter Ventilspindel (37), um einen oberen und unteren Steuerraum (33, 34) im Steuergehäuse zu bilden. Die verlängerte Ventilspindel erstreckt sich auf der einen Seite bis zum Dichtsitz und auf der anderen Seite bis außerhalb des Steuergehäuses,' um außerhalb des Ventils ggf. einen Stellungsmelder aufnehmen zu können. Die inneren Teile des Ventils sind mit elastischen Dichtungen versehen, so dass ein durchströmendes Produkt gezielt durch das Ventil geleitet wird, nicht nach außen entweichen kann, Produktraum und Steueπaum voneinander getremit sind und eine Leckage bzw. Versagen einer Dichtung erkannt wird. Des Weiteren dienen die eingesetzten Dichtungen dazu, einzelne Ventilbauteile in ihren Ebenen zu dichten. Die Dichtung (32) am Kolben trennt oberen und unteren Steueπaum. Die zwei Dichtungen (36) trennen den unteren Steuerraum vom drucklosen Ventilraum, wobei die innere Dichtung zur Ventilspindel und die äußere Dichtung am Steuergehäuse dichten. Die Zentrierplatte (21) weist ebenfalls zwei Dichtung (22) in einer Ebene auf, so dass eine den Produktraum zur Ventilspindel dichtet und die andere eine Bypassströmung verhindert. Die Zentrierplatte hat eine Querbolirung (23), die durch die Querbohrung des Ventilgehäuses (24) bis nach außen" verlängert ist, so dass sich zwischen Produktraum' und Steueπaum ein drucMoser Zwischenraum bildet. Die Querbohrungen signalisieren eine Leckage bzw. ein Versagen der produktseitigen Dichtungen.hi the figure A 'all valve components are shown on a common master plate (10). It can be seen in FIG. A 'that the master plate (10) has a central feed channel (11) for the product and four cross channels (14) branch off from the feed channel to the valves adapted on the master plate. At least two further valves can be mounted on the master plate, in which further valve housings (20) and control housings (30) are detachably connected to the master plate with corresponding fastening elements (eg screws). The valve housing is centered on the master plate by means of the sealing seat (11), and the control housing is centered using a Zeiitrierplatte (21) which engages in the end plate (35). In the control housing there is a piston (31) with a firmly connected valve spindle (37) which is extended on both sides, in order to form an upper and lower control chamber (33, 34) in the control housing. The extended valve spindle extends on one side to the sealing seat and on the other side outside of the control housing in order to be able to accommodate a position indicator outside the valve if necessary. The inner parts of the valve are provided with elastic seals, so that a product flowing through is directed through the valve, cannot escape to the outside, product space and control space are separated from each other and leakage or failure of a seal is detected. Furthermore, the seals used serve to seal individual valve components in their levels. The seal (32) on the piston separates the upper and lower control space. The two seals (36) separate the lower control chamber from the unpressurized valve chamber, the inner seal to the valve stem and the outer seal to the control housing. The centering plate (21) also has two seals (22) in one plane, so that one seals the product space to the valve spindle and the other prevents a bypass flow. The centering plate has a Querbolirung (23) which is extended through the transverse bore of the valve housing (24) to the outside ", so that between the product chamber 'and Steueπaum forms a drucMoser gap. The transverse bores signal a leakage or a failure of the product side seals ,
Die. Durchströmung des Ventils mit Produkt erfolgt über den zentralen Zulaufkanal, den Querkanal (14) und den Dichtsitz, so dass das Ende der Ventilspindelkontür umströmt wird und das Produkt durch den Ableitkanal (15) aus dem Ventil strömen kann. Die Produktdurchströmung wird verhindert, wenn z.B. eine eingesetzte Druclcfeder (38) im oberen Steueπaum den Kolben mit Ventilspindel in die Kontur des Dichtsitzes drückt. Das Ventil öffnet, wenn z.B. im unteren Steueπaum die angeschlossene Druclcluft, Druck aufbaut und die erzeugte Druckkraft größer, ist als die Federkraft im oberen Steueπaum, so dass der Kolben sich anhebt, die Ventilspiiidel aus dem Dichtsitz löst, und ein flüssiger oder gasföπniger Stoff passieren kann. hi der Figur A Sind drei weitere Positionen der Masterplatte mit Ventilen besetzt, um ein Vierer- Blockventil zu bilden.The. Product flows through the valve via the central inlet channel, the transverse channel (14) and the sealing seat, so that the end of the valve stem contour is flowed around and the product can flow out of the valve through the outlet channel (15). The flow of product is prevented if, for example, a pressure spring (38) inserted in the upper control chamber presses the piston with the valve spindle into the contour of the sealing seat. The valve opens when, for example, the connected pressure air in the lower control chamber, pressure builds up and the pressure force generated is greater than the spring force in the upper control chamber, so that the piston rises, the valve spool is released from the sealing seat, and a liquid or gaseous substance passes can. hi the figure A three further positions of the master plate are filled with valves to form a four-block valve.
FigurB zeigt den Querschnitt einer sechseckigen Stange bzw. sechseclcigen Masterplatte (10) , wobei in der sechseclcigen Masterplatte der zentrale Zulauficanal (13) und die Querkanäle (14) eingebracht sind, sowie an jeder äußeren Fläche eine Aufnahmebolτrung der Dichtsitze eingebracht ist. Die Figur B zeigt deutlich, dass auf engem Raum sechs Ventile mit dem Ventilgehäuse (20) und Steuergehäuse (30) positioniert werden können und bei einer Sechseckstange sogar ein Mehrfaches von sechs Ventilen hintereinander auf engstem Raum handhabbar ist. Es ist dabei jedoch nicht zwingend erforderlich jede Ventilposition zu bestücken.FIG. B shows the cross section of a hexagonal rod or six-sided master plate (10), the central inlet channel (13) and the transverse channels (14) being introduced into the six-sided master plate, and a receiving hole for the sealing seats being introduced on each outer surface. FIG. B clearly shows that six valves with the valve housing (20) and control housing (30) can be positioned in a confined space, and that with a hexagonal rod, even a multiple of six valves can be handled in succession in a very small space. However, it is not absolutely necessary to equip every valve position.
hi der Figur C ist die spezielle Dichtkonture der Ventilspiiidel (37) und des Dichtsitzes (11) dargestellt. Es ist zu erkennen, dass der bevorzugte Dichtbereich (X2 - XI) größer als der hydraulische Querschnitt des Querkanals ist. Das hat den Vorteil, dass bei einer hohen Anzahl von Schaltzylclen bei hohen Differenzdrücken die dichtenden Konturen nicht verfoπnt werden.The special sealing contours of the valve stem (37) and the sealing seat (11) are shown in FIG. It can be seen that the preferred sealing area (X2 - XI) is larger than the hydraulic cross section of the transverse channel. This has the advantage that with a large number of switching cycles at high differential pressures, the sealing contours are not spoiled.
hi der Figur D ist eine spezielle Foπn der dichtenden Ventilspmdelkontur (37) dargestellt. Hier erfolgt beispielhaft die Herstellung einer sehr glatten dichtenden Oberfläche, durch das Anbringen einer Kugel (37') . Die Kugel ragt dabei teilweise in den Querschnitt der Ventilspiiidel und ein Teil der Kugel steht erhaben als Schließkontur zur Verfügung.In FIG. D, a special shape of the sealing valve stem contour (37) is shown. Here, for example, a very smooth sealing surface is produced by attaching a ball (37 '). The ball partially protrudes into the cross-section of the valve stem and part of the ball is available as a raised contour.
Ebenfalls bevorzugt ist eine Ausführungsfoπn des erfindüngsgemäßen Verfahrens, in welcher eine bestimmte Mengenstromsteuerung eingesetzt wird, die übeπaschenderweise zu einer weiteren Perfonnancesteigerung führt und ebenfalls Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist.Also preferred is an embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which a certain volume flow control is used, which surprisingly leads to a further increase in performance and is also the subject of the present invention.
Bei der erfindüngsgemäßen SMB Anlage wird der Betriebspunlct über die externen Ströme Feed QF, Extrakt QEx und Raffinat QRa sowie den internen Eluensstrom Qi und die Taktzeit τ spezifiziert.In the SMB system according to the invention, the operating point is specified via the external currents Feed Q F , extract Q Ex and raffinate Q Ra as well as the internal eluent current Qi and the cycle time τ.
Es wurde nun eine MengenstiOmsteuerung gefunden (siehe Figur 1), in welcher die Mengenströme QF, QEX= QRaf und Qi kontinuierlich gemessen und über die Drehzahl der entsprechenden PumpenA quantity control has now been found (see FIG. 1) in which the quantity flows Q F , Q EX = Q R a f and Qi are measured continuously and via the speed of the corresponding pumps
^direlct geregelt (4 Pumpen Fahrweise) werden. Alternativ ist auch die Einstellung der Produlct- ströme QEx und QRaf über geeignete Regelventile anstelle von Austragspumpen möglich (2 Pumpen ^ Directly regulated (4 pumps mode of operation). Alternatively, the product flow rates Q Ex and Q Raf can be set using suitable control valves instead of discharge pumps (2 pumps
Fahrweise). Die Einhaltung der Gesamtmassenbilanz, und damit die koπekte Einstellung desMode). Compliance with the total mass balance, and thus the correct setting of the
DesorbensstiOm.es QD als verbleibender externer Strom, wird durch die Füllstandsregelung in der Eluensvorlage eπeicht. Diese Füllstandsregelung kompensiert die durch Störungen und/oder Mess- fehler zwangsläufig verursachten Abweichungen von der nominellen Massenbilanz und bestimmt zusammen mit der Aufschaltung der sich aus den Bilanzen ergebenden nominellen Desorbens- engeDesorbensstiOm.es Q D as remaining external current, is calibrated by the level control in the eluent template. This level control compensates for and determines the deviations from the nominal mass balance that are inevitably caused by faults and / or measurement errors together with the activation of the nominal desorbent tightness resulting from the balance sheets
Ql = QEx + QRaf ~ QF + QDest (2)Ql = QEx + QRaf ~ QF + QDest (2)
den Durchfluss an frisch zugeführtem Desorbens (Eluens):the flow rate of freshly supplied desorbent (eluent):
QD - QD + ^QD1C - (3)QD - QD + ^ QD 1C - (3)
Dieser Wert wird dann über die Durchflussregelung der Desorbensmenge eingestellt und mittels kontinuierlicher Durchflussmessung überwacht.This value is then set via the flow control of the desorbent quantity and monitored by means of continuous flow measurement.
In einer ganz besonders bevorzugten Ausfülirungsfoπn wird in die Recycleleitung nach Zone IV (Figur 1) eine kontinuierliche online Analysenmessung QIS eingebracht. Diese löst im Falle einer Verunreinigung des rückgefülirten Lösungsmittelstroms (z.B: Durchbruch von Produkt aus Zone TV) eine entsprechende Ventilschaltung aus, so dass der verum'einigte Lösuiigsmittelstrom ausgeschleust und nicht in die Eluensvorlage zurückgeführt wird.In a very particularly preferred embodiment, a continuous online analysis measurement QIS is introduced into the recycling line according to Zone IV (FIG. 1). In the event of contamination of the back-filled solvent flow (e.g. breakthrough of product from Zone TV), this triggers a corresponding valve circuit so that the contaminated solvent flow is discharged and is not returned to the eluent charge.
Die zusätzliche Durchflussmessung im Recyclestrom dient bei qualitätsbedingter Ausschleusung des Recyclestromes zur Bestimmung von Qoest, im bestiinmuiigsgemäßen Betrieb wird durch die Ausnutzung der mit der Messung des Durchflusses QDest erzielten Redundanz bei den Mengenstrommessungen und -bilanzen eine Messdatenvalidierung (Data Reconciliation) für sämtliche Mengenströme vorgenommen und damit die Genauigkeit der MengenstiOinregelung zusätzlich erhöht.The additional flow measurement in the recycled stream is used to determine Qo est when the recycled stream is discharged due to quality, in the proper operation the measurement data validation (data reconciliation) for all volume flows is carried out by utilizing the redundancy achieved by measuring the flow Q Dest in the volume flow measurements and balances and thus additionally increases the accuracy of the quantity control.
Die erfindungsgernäße MengenstiOinregelung eπnöglicht - insbesondere durch den Verzicht auf eine Draclcregelung zur Schließung der Massenbilanz - eine genauere und robustere Einstellung der Mengenströme zur Sicherung der Trennleistung der Anlage.The flow control according to the invention enables - in particular by dispensing with a dracl control to close the mass balance - a more precise and robust setting of the flow rates to ensure the separation performance of the system.
Die ganz besonders bevorzugte erfindungsgernäße Ausführung einer Kombination von Anlagen- und Regelungskonzept eπnöglicht sowohl den Betrieb mit geschlossenem als auch mit offenem --Kreislauf. Bei offenem Kreislauf kann mittels der online Analysemessung in der Recycleleitung eine evtl. Verunreinigung direlct ausgeschleust werden. Im konventionellen Kreislaufbetrieb ist eine Ausschleusung von Verunreinigungen nur über die Produlctströme möglich und somit mit einem Verlust an Ergebnis verbunden. Die Redundanz bei den erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Mengenstrommessuiigen und der darauf aufbauende Messfehlerabgleich für die Durcliflussmessungen erhöht zusätzlich die Genauigkeit der MengenstiOinregelung und sichert damit die Erfüllung der Trennaufgabe.The very particularly preferred embodiment of a combination of system and control concept according to the invention enables operation with both closed and open circuits. In the case of an open circuit, any contamination can be removed directly by means of the online analysis measurement in the recycling line. In conventional cycle operation, impurities can only be discharged via the product streams and thus result in a loss of results. The redundancy in the volume flow measurements provided according to the invention and the measurement error comparison based thereon for the flow measurements additionally increases the accuracy of the quantity control and thus ensures the fulfillment of the separation task.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Anlagen- und Regelungskonzept werden variable Totvolumina und die damit verbundenen Prozessstö ngen veπnieden. Spezielle Gegenmaßnahmen wie z.B. das asynchrone Schalten der Ventile sind somit nicht mehr erforderlich.With the system and control concept according to the invention, variable dead volumes and the associated process steps are avoided. Special countermeasures such as the asynchronous switching of the valves is no longer necessary.
Die nachfolgenden Beispiele sollen die vorliegende Erfindung illustrieren ohne sie jedoch einzuscliränlcen:The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention without, however, restricting it:
Figur 5 zeigt die Integration des Mehrsäulen Chromatographie Prozesses in ein Gesamtverfahren zur Herstellung von chemischen und pharmazeutischen Substanzen am Beispiel von Razemischen Substanzen. Es besteht die Möglichkeit direlct ohne Zwischenspeicher nach der Reaktion die Realctionsmischung kontinuierlich in die Cliromatographieanlage zu leiten. Weiterhin ist die direkte Aufarbeitung und das Recycling des Lösungsmittels aus den Produktströmen Extrakt und Raffinat in die Eluentvorlage möglich. Die Qualität des Eluenten muss vor erneuter Verwendung in der ChiOmatographieanlage gemessen und eingestellt werden. Dazu bieten sich je nach geforderter Eluentzusaiu ensetzung eine Reihe von offline Methoden (wie z.B. GC und HPLC) und online Methoden (wie z.B. Ultraschall, kapazitativ, NIR) an. Aus einem Feedbehälter wird in einem weiteren Behälter das Feedgemisch von fester oder fließfähiger Konsistenz in der spezifizierten Eluentzusammensetzung vorgelegt..Extrakt und Raffinat werden aus der Chromato- graphie Anlage Verdampfern zu geführt und das verdampfte Lösungsmittel in die Eluent- vorlagebehälter recyclet. Frisches Lösungsmittel wird aus verschiedenen Eluentvorlagebehältern je nach Anzahl der an der Eluentmischung beteiligten Lösungsmittel zudosiert, bis die geforderte Eluentspezifikation in der Eluent-Zufuhr zur Cliromatographie Anlage einreicht ist. Das nach den Verdampfern eingeengte Produkt wird in Behältern gespeichert und in der weiteren Produkt- aufarbeituiig in der Regel kristallisiert, gefiltert, getrocknet. Das Nebenprodulct - im Beispielfall das „falsche" Enantiomer - wird meist aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen re-racemisiert (häufig z.B. durch pH oder Temperatur Wechsel) und nach Qualitätskontrolle dem aus der originären •-Reälctionsstufe kommenden Feedgemisch zugesetzt. FigurenFIG. 5 shows the integration of the multi-column chromatography process into an overall process for the production of chemical and pharmaceutical substances using the example of racemic substances. It is possible to direct the reaction mixture continuously into the cliromatography system without intermediate storage after the reaction. Furthermore, the direct processing and recycling of the solvent from the extract and raffinate product streams into the eluent template is possible. The quality of the eluent must be measured and set in the ChiOmatography system before it is used again. Depending on the eluent composition required, a number of offline methods (such as GC and HPLC) and online methods (such as ultrasound, capacitive, NIR) are available. The feed mixture of solid or flowable consistency in the specified eluent composition is presented from a feed container in another container. Extract and raffinate are fed from the chromatography system to evaporators and the evaporated solvent is recycled into the eluent reservoir. Depending on the number of solvents involved in the eluent mixture, fresh solvent is metered in from various eluent storage containers until the required eluent specification is submitted to the eluent supply to the cliromatography system. The product concentrated after the evaporators is stored in containers and generally crystallized, filtered and dried in the further product workup. The secondary product - the "wrong" enantiomer in the example - is usually re-racemized for economic reasons (often, for example, by changing pH or temperature) and added to the feed mixture coming from the original reaction stage after quality control. characters
Bezugszeichen zu den FigurenReference numerals to the figures
1,2,: 5,4 Ventile1.2,: 5.4 valves
10 Masterplatte10 master plate
11 Dichtsitz11 sealing seat
12 Dichtungen des Dichtsitzes12 seals of the sealing seat
13 Zulaufkanal13 inlet channel
14 Querkanal14 cross channel
15 Ableitkanal15 discharge channel
1616
20 Ventilgehäuse 21 Zeiitrierplatte20 valve housing 21 cell plate
22 Dichtungen der Zentrierplatte22 Centering plate seals
23 Querbohrung Zentrierplatte23 Cross hole centering plate
24 Querbohrung Ventilgehäuse24 cross bore valve housing
30 Steuergehäuse30 control housing
31 Kolben31 pistons
32 Dichtungen32 seals
33 Unterer Steueπaum33 Lower control room
34 Oberer Steueπaum34 Upper control room
35 Abschlussplatte35 end plate
36 Dichtungen der Abschlussplatte36 End plate seals
37 Ventilspiiidel37 valve stem
37 Kugel37 bullet
38 Druckfeder 38 compression spring

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Trennung eines Stoffgemisches mit Hilfe eines Gegenstrom-Chromatographieverfahrens, bei dem einer aus mehr als einer hintereinandergeschalteten, mit einem Adsorbens gefüllten Cliromatographiesäulen bestehenden Säulenschaltung ein zu trennendes Stoffgemisch und das Eluens kontinuierlich zugeführt werden und an anderen1. A method for separating a mixture of substances with the aid of a countercurrent chromatography method, in which a mixture of substances to be separated and the eluent are continuously supplied to a column circuit consisting of more than one series-connected cliromatography column filled with an adsorbent, and the eluent is continuously fed to others
Stellen der Säulenschaltung ein mindestens eine abgetrennte Komponente enthaltender Extraktstrom, sowie ein mindestens eine andere Komponente enthaltender Raffinatstrom kontinuierlich entnommen werden und bei dem eine Relativbewegung zwischen einer aus dem Stoffgemisch und dem Eluens bestehenden flüssigen, mobilen Phase und dem Ad- sorbens in fester Phase durch sequentielles Öffnen von Flüssigkeitszugabe- undIn the column circuit, an extract stream containing at least one separated component and a raffinate stream containing at least one other component are continuously withdrawn and in which a relative movement between a liquid, mobile phase consisting of the substance mixture and the eluent and the adsorbent in the solid phase is carried out sequentially Opening of liquid addition and
-entnahmestellen entlang der Säulen erzeugt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nur eine Eluenszuführpumpe und ein Eluensausgleichsbehälter, aber keine Kreislaufpumpe im Kreislauf eingesetzt wird.tapping points is generated along the columns, characterized in that only an eluent feed pump and an eluent expansion tank, but no circuit pump is used in the circuit.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass höchstens 4 Pumpen im Chromatographiekreislauf eingesetzt werden.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a maximum of 4 pumps are used in the chromatography circuit.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindesten eine Austragspumpe, Extrakt oder Raffinataustrag, durch ein Regelventil ersetzt ist.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one discharge pump, extract or raffinate discharge is replaced by a control valve.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, ■ dass eine automatische Ausschleusung von verunreinigtem Eluent im Kreislauf über eine online Detektion und ein Regelventil ermöglicht wird.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that ■ an automatic removal of contaminated eluent in the circuit is made possible via an online detection and a control valve.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch Messung des Recyclatstromes und die damit erzielte Redundanz über einen Messdatenabgleich die Genauigkeit der Mengenstromsteuerung erhöht wird.5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the accuracy of the volume flow control is increased by measuring the recyclate flow and the redundancy thus achieved via a measurement data comparison.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei der Mengenstromregelung die Einhaltung der Gesamtmassenbilanz durch eine Füllstandsregelung im Eluensausgleichsbehälter eπeicht wird.6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that compliance with the total mass balance is eπeicht by a level control in the eluent expansion tank in the flow control.
7. Modulare Ventiltechnik (MVS), bestehend aus einer Masterplatte, auf der mindestens ein Ventil, bestehend aus einem Ventilgehäuse und einem Steuergehäuse, wobei das Steuer- gehäuse einen innen liegenden Pneumatikraum hat, der durch einen Kolben mit Dichtung in einen unteren Steueπaum und einen oberen Steueπaum geteilt und der untere Steuerraum durch eine Abschlussplatte und zusätzliche Dichtungen vom Ventilgehäuse getrennt ist, wobei am Kolben eine verlängerte Ventilspindel sitzt, die durch das Ventilgehäuse bis zum Dichtsitz im Bereich der Masterplatte verläuft, das Ventilgehäuse und das Steuergehäuse mit einer Zentrierplatte mit Dichtungen zueinander fixiert sind, das Ventilgehäuse mit einer zweiten Fixierung, dem Dichtsitz mit zugehörigen Dichtungen, zur Masterplatte positioniert ist, so dass über einen Zulaufkanal mit seitlichem Querkanal in der Master- platte eine Kanalverbindung durch den Dichtsitz in den Produlctrauni des Ventilgehäuses geschaffen ist wobei aus dem Produktraum wiederum ein Ableitkanal für den Produktaustritt vorhanden ist, wodurch mit dem Zulaufkanal zusammen ein Durchflusskanal gebildet wird, weiterhin ist die Ventilspiiidel zum Kolben beidseitig verlängert, so dass zum Einen die Ventilspiiidel durch den oberen Steueπaum bis außerhalb des Steuergehäuses reicht und zum anderen die Ventilspiiidel durch das Ventilgehäuse bis in den Dichtsitz verlängert ist, wobei die Ventilspiiidel eine dichtende Kontur zum Ventilsitz hat und in Zustellung den verlängerten Querkanal vollständig verschließt und den Produktdurchfiuss verhindert, montiert ist.7. Modular valve technology (MVS), consisting of a master plate, on which at least one valve, consisting of a valve housing and a control housing, the control housing has an internal pneumatic chamber which is sealed by a piston with a seal in a lower control chamber and one Upper control room divided and the lower control chamber is separated from the valve housing by an end plate and additional seals, with an extended valve spindle sitting on the piston, which extends through the valve housing runs to the sealing seat in the area of the master plate, the valve housing and the control housing are fixed to each other with a centering plate with seals, the valve housing is positioned to the master plate with a second fixing, the sealing seat with associated seals, so that an inlet channel with a lateral transverse channel in the Master plate a channel connection through the sealing seat in the Produlctrauni of the valve housing is created whereby from the product space in turn there is a discharge channel for the product outlet, whereby a flow channel is formed together with the inlet channel, furthermore the valve spool to the piston is extended on both sides, so that On the one hand, the valve stem extends through the upper control chamber to outside the control housing and, on the other hand, the valve stem is extended through the valve housing into the sealing seat, the valve stem having a sealing contour to the valve seat and in delivery the extended one The cross channel is completely closed and product flow prevented, is installed.
8. MVS gemäß Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeicluiet, dass es auf einer Masterplatte in Foπn einer sechseclcigen Stange aufgebaut ist.8. MVS according to claim 6, characterized gekennzeicluiet that it is constructed on a master plate in Foπn a six-rod.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Ventilsystem, gemäß Anspruch 6 verwandt wird.9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one valve system is used according to claim 6.
10. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Produktes, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass das aus der Reaktion kommende Produktgemisch direlct in ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 eingespeist und danach aufgearbeitet wird. 10. A process for producing a product, characterized in that the product mixture coming from the reaction is fed directly into a process according to claim 1 and is then worked up.
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